address [əˋdrɛs] 名-演說，地址；動-提出，處理
n., a formal speech; v., to direct to the attention of
The article praised her address to the steering committee.
這篇文章讚賞她關於指委會的演講。
Marco’s business plan addresses the needs of small business owners.
Marco的商業計畫點出了小型經營者的需求。
- praise = 稱讚、讚賞
- address to something
avoid [əˋvɔɪd] 動-避免
v., to stay clear of; to keep from happening
爲了避免倒閉，老闆應該要準備合適的商業計畫。
Lloyd’s errors in accounting could have been avoided by a business consultation with his banker.
Lloyd在會計上的那個錯誤，如果有跟銀行諮詢就可以避免了。
- stay clear of = 避開
- go out of business = 停業、破產
- error in ... = 關於...的錯誤，用error "in"
- 動 - avoid (It is best to avoid get-rich-quick schemes.)
- 名 - avoidance (Your avoidance of these issues will not make them go away.)
- 形 - avoided (The avoided question became more important over time.)
demonstrate [ˋdɛmən͵stret] 動-論證，說明，展現
v., to show clearly and deliberately; to present by example
Alban’s business plan demonstrated that he had put a lot of thought into making his dream reality.
Alban的商業計畫，說明了他投入大量的心力讓他的夢想實現。
Alban的商業計畫，說明了他投入大量的心力讓他的夢想實現。
The professor demonstrated through a case study that a business plan can impress a lender.
教授透過個案教學說明商業計畫可以打動投資人。
詞組：
- 動 - demonstrate (A business plan demonstrates how the business will make money and pay expenses.)
- 名 - demonstration (The business professor gave a demonstration of how to develop a business plan.)
- 形 - demonstrative 明確的 (The failure of that business is demonstrative of what can happen when there is no business plan.)
develop [dɪˋvɛləp] 動-發展，詳細闡述
v., to expand, progress, or improve
Lily developed her ideas into a business plan by taking a class at the community college.
Lily透過修習社區大學的課成，將她的點子發展成商業計畫。
The restaurant Wanda opened ten years ago has developed into a national chain.
十年前成立的Wanda餐廳，已經發展成為國際連鎖餐廳。
- develop A into B = 從A發展到B
- 動 - develop (Our assignment is to develop a sample business plan.)
- 名 - development 發展 (The plan is under development and will not be ready for a while.)
- 名 - developer 開發者 (The plan developers worked hard to make sure they had considered all the possibilities.)
evaluate [ɪˋvæljʊ͵et] 動-評價，評估
v., to determine the value and impact of
It’s important to evaluate your competition when making a business plan.
在規劃商業計畫時，評估你的競爭者是很重要的。
The lenders evaluated our credibility and decided to loan us money.
借款人評估我們的信用，決定借我們錢。
- loan = 借貸、貸款，跟lend、borrow都有借的意思，但是loan專指借（別人）錢，用法跟lend一樣。例如 He loans us money，或 He loans money to us.
- 動 - evaluate (Please review the articles and evaluate their usefulness for our plan.)
- 名 - evaluation (Yoko feared the professor’s evaluation of her business plan.)
- 名 - evaluator 評估人員 (The independent evaluator reviewed our business plan and gave us a good feedback.)
gather [ˋgæðɚ] 動-收集，召集，猜想
v., to accumulate; to conclude
We gathered information of our plan from many sources.
我們多方蒐集我們計畫的資訊。
I gather that interest rates for small business will soon change.
我猜小型企業的利率近期會改變。
offer [ˋɔfɚ] 名-出價，提議；動-提供，主動提出
n., a proposal; v., to propose; to present in order to meet a need or satisfy a requirement.
Devon accepted our offer to write the business plan.
Devon接受我們的出價，寫這項商業計畫。
Jackie must offer her banker new statistics in order to encourage the bank to lend her money toward her start-up business.
Jackie必須提供新的統計數據給她的銀行，促使銀行借錢給她的新創公司。
- start-up business = 新創公司
primarily [praɪˋmɛrəlɪ] 副-首要地，最重要地
adv., first, most importantly
We are primarily concerned with convincing the board of directors to apply the second loan.
我們首要關心的，是說服董事會申請第二次貸款。
The developers are thinking primarily of how to enter the South American market.
開發商主要考慮的是如何進入南美市場。
- be concerned with... = 關聯
be concerned about...=關心、憂慮
risk [rɪsk] 名-風險
n., the chance of loss or damage
The primary risk for most start-up business is insufficient capital.
新創事業最主要的風險是資本不足。
Expanding into a new market is a big risk.
開拓新市場是個很大的風險。
Expanding into a new market is a big risk.
開拓新市場是個很大的風險。
strategy [ˋstrætədʒɪ] 名-策略
n., a plan of action
A business plan is a strategy for running a business and avoiding problems.商業計畫是一種策略，用以經營事業及避免問題。
Let’s develop a strategy for promoting our ice cream parlor.
讓我們發展策略，推廣我們的冰淇淋店。
- strategy for N = 針對...的策略
- ice cream parlor = 冰淇淋店
parlor是指...店的意思，但在美式英語中，parlor並不常出現，比較常連用的是beauty parlor、ice cream parlor
- 動 - strategize 制定策略 (Instead of going into a panic, let’s strategize the best way to meet the deadline.)
- 名 - strategy (The business plan lays out a strategy for future growth.)
- 形 - strategic (The handout outlined the strategic points to cover in a business plan.)
strengthen [ˋstrɛŋθən] 動-加強
v., make stronger or more powerful
You could strengthen your plan by including the possibility of rising cost.
你可以將成本上升的機率納入考量以加強你的計畫。
We are working on a plan to strengthen sales over the next two quarters.
我們正在實行強化下兩季銷售額的計畫。
- work on = 從事，影響
- over the next ... = 在接下來的...
最常用的是over the next few days (在接下來的幾天)
substitution [͵sʌbstəˋtjuʃən] 名-代替
n., replacement
Your substitution of fake names for real ones makes the document seem insincere.
你用假名，讓這份文件看起來毫無誠意。
There is no substitution for hard work and perseverance.
- substitute的用法：
substitute A for B = 用A取代B，use A
A is substituted for B = 用B取代A，use B - perseverance = 毅力
- 動 - substitute (No amount of intelligence can substitute for good planning.)
- 名 - substitution (The substitution for one amount for another made a big difference in their business plan.)
- 形 - substituted (The substituted amount was much larger than the original amount.)
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